The role of chief risk officer in adoption and implementation of enterprise risk management-A literature review

Recently many companies view risk management from a holistic approach instead of a silo- based perspective. This holistic approach is called Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Indeed, ERM is designed to assess the ability of board of directors and senior management in managing total portfolio of risk faced by an enterprise. Based on relevant literature Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is one important factor which may influence companies in deciding whether to adopt an ERM. The role of the CROs is to work with other managers to set up an effective and efficient risk management system and disseminate risk information to the entire enterprise. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the influence of CRO on adoption and implementation of ERM. It was found that presence and quality of CRO are important determinants of ERM adoption and implementation. This research clarifies that there is a lack of research in respect of the effect of CRO in implementation of ERM in developing countries. This study is useful for companies which wants to adopt ERM or wants to improve the stage and level of ERM implementation in their companies

Assessment of the agriculture supply chain risks for investments of agricultural small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) using the decision support model

A key challenge in responding to the emerging challenges in agri-food supply chains is encouraging continued new investment. This is related to the recognition that agricultural production is often a lengthy process requiring ongoing investments that may not produce expected returns for a prolonged period, thereby being highly sensitive tomarket risks. Agricultural productions are generally susceptible to different serious risks such as crop diseases, weather conditions, and pest infections. Many practitioners in this domain, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), have shifted toward digitalization to address such problems. To help with this situation, the current paper develops an integrated decision-making framework, with the Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), the method for removal effects of criteria (MEREC), the ranksum (RS) and the gained and Lost dominance score (GLDS) termed as PF-MEREC-RS-GLDS approach. In this approach, the PF-MEREC-RS method is applied to compute the subjective and objective weights of the main risks to assess the agriculture supply chain for investments of SMEs, and the PF-GLDS model is used to assess the preferences of enterprises over different the main risks to assess of the agriculture supply chain for investments of SMEs. An empirical case study is taken to evaluate the main risks to assess the agriculture supply chain for SME investments. Also, comparison and sensitivity investigation are made to show the superiority of the developed framework

Moral, Education and Religion in Iran: The Significance of Higher Education for the Development of Moral Judgment and Discourse Competence in a Country Shaped by Religion

The present research was designed to find out if in a country like Iran, in which religion has had a strong formative influence higher education can foster the development of moral judgment and discourse competence. In accordance with Kohlberg and Habermas, Lind defines this competence as the ability to act according to one s own moral orientations and to engage in a moral discourse about conflicting issues, rather than use force or violence. According to the Education Theory of moral development, this competence is fostered in university education by opportunities for respon¬sibility-taking and guided reflection, and is hampered by dogmatic religiosity (but not hampered by personal religiosity). Studies in various countries have empirically supported this relationship quite well.How far do the same mechanisms hold true for Iranian higher education? To what extend do these opportunities exist there and do foster moral competence, and does dogmatic religiosity hamper its development? In Iran apply special terms. Since the coming into power of the Mullah in 1979, Iran is a reli¬gious country. Dogmatic religiosity, that is, the strict orientation to the doctrines of one s religious community, is widespread. Does this dogmatic religiosity interfere with cognitive-moral functioning of students? Does it lead to moral segmentation, i.e., the partial inhibition of moral competence on issues which are dogmatized ?The empirical study, conducted in 2004, included a total of 579 students in their first and in their fourth year of study in three fields: medical science, engi¬neering science and psychology. The assessment instruments used were Lind s Moral Judgment Test (MJT) for assessing simultaneously moral orientations and moral competence, parts of the ORIRIN/u by Lind and Schillinger for assessing opportunities for responsibility-taking and guided reflection, and a modified version of the Religious Dogmatism Scale by Kietzig and Lind.The central findings of this study: As one would expect, dogmatic religiosity was very high among the Iranian students. Dogmatic religiosity does hamper the development of moral judgment and discourse com¬petence and even causes regression. Individual as well as contextual dogmatic religiosity increases moral segmentation, that is, it does not affect the students moral competence in total but only their ability to solve moral problems for which a religious dogma exists. Dogmatic-religious people do not only agree with their religious community on the solution of issues of religious salience (e.g., mercy-killing), but also refrain from even thin¬king about those issues. College education by itself, that is, the pure length of study, does not seem to foster the develop¬ment of moral and dis-course competence of the students. However, as this and many others studies have shown, moral regression and moral segmentation can be overcome, and moral competence be fostered, by providing students with opportunities of responsibility-taking and guided reflection, and even more effectively by special kinds of dilemma-discussions. As the Iranian students reported, such favorable learning opportunities were rather scarce in their university

Alignment of CSR Strategies with Business Objectives in IT Sector, Focusing on the Competitive Advantage

While numerous researchers have focused on examining the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on various aspects of business in different industries, there still remains a research gap in conducting comprehensive analyses of CSR strategies in Information Technology (IT) sector. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effects of CSR on competitive advantage in the IT companies. In order to analyze data, AMOS structural equation modeling (AMOS-SEM) method was applied, and data were collected during February-April 2023 from 143 Iranian IT firms where CSR has not been appropriately dealt within theoretical as well as practical terms. The findings reveal that among the four components of CSR — legal, ethical, economic, and discretionary—, ethical, legal, economic, and discretionary dimensions have the most positive impact on competitive advantage, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant role for CSR in enhancing the level of competitive advantage in IT companies. In addition to the knowledge contribution, this study holds significant practical implications for IT company managers to strengthen their decision-making processes and develop effective CSR strategies

Moderating Effect of Environmental Management Accounting on Innovation and Firm Performance: Review of Contemporary Literature

This paper reviews the effect of EMA on relationship amid innovation and firm performance. Review of literature demonstrates that enhancement and improvement in cost information system through recognition of environmental cost lead to innovate new ways in production, and concurrently increases the sale and number of customers. Based on the findings of literature review, increasing number of customers leads to higher level of financial performance for firms. Therefore, this paper posits a framework that links the moderating effects of EMA on relationship amid innovation and firm performance for future empirification

Moderating effect of environmental management accounting on innovation and firm performance: review of contemporary literature

This paper reviews the effect of EMA on relationship amid innovation and firm performance. Review of literature demonstrates that enhancement and improvement in cost information system through recognition of environmental cost lead to innovate new ways in production, and concurrently increases the sale and number of customers. Based on the findings of literature review, increasing number of customers leads to higher level of financial performance for firms. Therefore, this paper posits a framework that links the moderating effects of EMA on relationship amid innovation and firm performance for future empirification. KEY WORDS: Innovation, Environmental Management Accounting, Firm Performanc

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

Increasing awareness and concerns of environmental problems has led organizations to confront with environmental issues in their path process to better firm performance. This paper aims to have a comprehensive review on the relationship between environmental management accounting and firm performance and also explores the role of innovation and competitive advantage as two effective mediator variables in this relationship. This study presents a comprehensive picture of this path process which has previously been partially discussed in the literatures. Finally, this paper suggests a framework for future research on how EMA lead to firm performance through innovation and competitive advantageEnvironmental Management Accounting, Firm performance, Innovation, Competitive advantage

How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction

Direct relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance has been examined by many scholars, but this direct test seems to be spurious and imprecise. This is because many factors indirectly influence this relation. Therefore, this study considers sustainable competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction as three probable mediators in the relationship between CSR and firm performance. The findings from 205 Iranian manufacturing and consumer product firms reveal that the link between CSR and firm performance is a fully mediated relationship. The positive effect of CSR on firm performance is due to the positive effect CSR has on competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction. The final findings show that only reputation and competitive advantage mediate the relationship between CSR and firm performance. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for CSR in indirectly promoting firm performance through enhancing reputation and competitive advantage while improving the level of customer satisfactio

The role of chief risk officer in adoption and implementation of enterprise risk management - a literature review

Recently many companies view risk management from a holistic approach instead of a silo- based perspective. This holistic approach is called Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Indeed, ERM is designed to assess the ability of board of directors and senior management in managing total portfolio of risk faced by an enterprise. Based on relevant literature Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is one important factor which may influence companies in deciding whether to adopt an ERM. The role of the CROs is to work with other managers to set up an effective and efficient risk management system and disseminate risk information to the entire enterprise. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the influence of CRO on adoption and implementation of ERM. It was found that presence and quality of CRO are important determinants of ERM adoption and implementation. This research clarifies that there is a lack of research in respect of the effect of CRO in implementation of ERM in developing countries. This study is useful for companies which wants to adopt ERM or wants to improve the stage and level of ERM implementation in their companies